EDF Energy has outlined plans to extend the lives of its operational nuclear power stations in the UK.
The French state-owned firm said it would make a decision on whether to extend the lives of four UK plants by the end of the year.
It is also looking at the possibility of running its Sizewell B plant for 20 years longer than scheduled.
The plans are subject to approvals by safety watchdogs and would equal about £1.3bn in investment if approved.
The firm revealed its investment plans for its UK nuclear fleet on Tuesday and said in a statement that it hopes to boost energy security and cut carbon emissions.
In 2022, nuclear power provided 13.9% of total electricity supplied in the UK, although that figure has been in decline since the 1990s, according to official data.
Like fossil fuels, nuclear fuels are non-renewable energy resources.
But nuclear power stations do not produce greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide or methane during their operation, although the construction of new plants is costly and does generate a low level of emissions through the manufacturing of materials needed like steel.
The government has said in the past that it wants nuclear power to provide up to 25% of the UK’s electricity needs by 2050.
EDF Energy manages all five nuclear power stations that are currently generating electricity in the UK, along with three that are defueling, the first stage of winding down operations.
On Tuesday, Dr Mark Hartley, managing director of EDF’s nuclear operations business, said the firm wanted its advanced gas-cooled reactors (AGRs) at the Torness, Heysham 1 and 2, and Hartlepool plants to “maintain output… for as long as possible”.
The company said this would require approval from regulators and would be subject to rigorous safety inspections.
The Heysham 2 and Torness power stations are currently due to close in 2028.
Sizewell B
In its latest update, the firm said it was also looking at the potential for its Sizewell B plant in Suffolk to run for 20 years longer than its scheduled end date of 2035. Sizewell B is built to a different design – a pressurised water reactor, the first of its kind to be constructed in the UK.
EDF said that it hopes to take a final investment decision in 2025, but added that “a sustainable commercial model is necessary”.
Overall, its nuclear fleet generated 37.3 terawatt hours of electricity in the UK last year. It marks a drop of about 15% when compared with the year before, partly due to station closures.
It hopes to maintain this level of output until at least 2026. But the older generation of nuclear power stations designed in Britain and constructed in the 1960s and 1970s are all scheduled to close.
“Obviously safety is paramount, but keeping them running for a few more years certainly has advantages,” said Prof Rob Gross, director of the UK Energy Research Centre.
“[While the UK] has enough renewables, gas and interconnection to keep the lights on, keeping these reactors running helps keep carbon emissions down.”
In the last two years, the UK’s energy security has also come under intense scrutiny after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to a sudden spike in gas prices and in turn a steep increase in electricity bills.
“[Extending the life of nuclear plants] also helps reduce reliance on imported gas, and helps ensure we have a comfortable margin between supply and demand,” Prof Gross added, although these older reactors “can’t be kept going indefinitely”.
Peter Atherton, an independent energy analyst, said the announcement by EDF was “very good news for the power system”, which is going through a “huge transition” at the moment towards renewable energies such as wind and solar power.
He also pointed out that while the cost of constructing new nuclear facilities can be enormous, the running costs afterwards are relatively low and they are continuously subject to safety checks once operating.
One expert group that includes some vocal opponents of nuclear power, the International Nuclear Risk Assessment Group, said in a report in 2021 looking at ageing nuclear power plants that extensions inevitably increase the risk of accidents, including the release of radioactive substances into the environment.
But Mr Atherton said: “All stations must continually prove that they are safe to operate on a daily basis and that you are operating it safely. Regulators will be on-site, as well as whole teams who check maintenance programmes.”
Helen MacInnes, an energy sector analyst, said that the investment by EDF in the “highly regulated” nuclear power sector should be viewed positively as the UK tries to move away from fossil fuels.
As the government strives to meet its target of reaching “fully clean” electricity by 2035, she said that nuclear power would play an important part.
Other countries have also looked at investing in nuclear in a bid to diversify their energy mix. France, for example, has some new reactors planned.
In the UK, the government has committed to building a new generation of nuclear power stations.
Sniffer dogs in Ecuador have found 6.23 tonnes of cocaine hidden in a banana shipment, police say.
The dogs alerted their handlers, who seized 5,630 parcels filled with a white substance that later tested positive for cocaine.
The shipment was destined for Germany, officials said, and would have been worth $224m (£173m) had it reached its destination.
Five people had been arrested following the discovery, according to the prosecutor-general’s office.
Police said they had found the massive cocaine haul during a routine inspection of container stored at Posorja deepwater port south-west of Ecuador’s largest city, Guayaquil.
The cocaine parcels had been hidden beneath crates of bananas destined for export.
One of those arrested in connection to the drug discovery was a representative of the export company responsible for the shipment, whom prosecutors said had been present at the inspection and gave officials the names of the four other suspects.
They include the managers of the banana plantation where the cocaine is suspected to have been added to the fruit shipment, as well as the driver who took the container to the port.
Ecuador has become a major transit country for cocaine produced in neighbouring Peru and Colombia, with transnational criminal gangs using Ecuador’s ports to ship the drug to Europe and the US.
Last year, Ecuadorean security forces seized more than 200 tonnes of drugs, most of it cocaine. Only the US and Colombia seized more drugs in 2023.
Gangs have caused a wave of violent crime in Ecuador, leading President Daniel Noboa to declare a state of emergency and deploy tens of thousands of police officers and soldiers in an effort to combat them.
These security forces have stopped large amounts of cocaine from being shipped to Europe.
In January, officers found the largest stash ever to be seized in Ecuador – 22 tonnes of cocaine – buried in a pig farm.
However, extortion, kidnappings and murders remain high in the Andean country.
Thailand has expanded its visa-free entry scheme to 93 countries and territories as it seeks to revitalize its tourism industry.
Visitors can stay in the South-East Asian nation for up to 60 days under the new scheme that took effect on Monday,
Previously, passport holders from 57 countries were allowed to enter without a visa.
Tourism is a key pillar of the Thai economy, but it has not fully recovered from the pandemic.
Thailand recorded 17.5 million foreign tourists arrivals in the first six months of 2024, up 35% from the same period last year, according to official data. However, the numbers pale in comparison to pre-pandemic levels.
Most of the visitors were from China, Malaysia and India.
Tourism revenue during the same period came in at 858 billion baht ($23.6bn; £18.3bn), less than a quarter of the government’s target.
Millions of tourists flock to Thailand every year for its golden temples, white sand beaches, picturesque mountains and vibrant night life.
The revised visa-free rules are part of a broader plan to boost tourism.
Also on Monday, Thailand introduced a new five-year visa for remote workers, that allows holders to stay for up to 180 days each year.
The country will also allow visiting students, who earn a bachelor’s degree or higher in Thailand, to stay for one year after graduation to find a job or travel.
In June, authorities announced an extension of a waiver on hoteliers’ operating fees for two more years. They also scrapped a proposed tourism fee for visitors flying into the country.
However some stakeholders are concerned that the country’s infrastructure may not be able to keep up with travellers’ demands.
“If more people are coming, it means the country as a whole… has to prepare our resources to welcome them,” said Kantapong Thananuangroj, president of the Thai Tourism Promotion Association.
“If not, [the tourists] may not be impressed with the experience they have in Thailand and we may not get a second chance,” he said.
Chamnan Srisawat, president of the Tourism Council of Thailand, said he foresees a “bottleneck in air traffic as the incoming flights may not increase in time to catch up with the demands of the travellers”.
Some people have also raised safety concerns after rumours that tourists have been kidnapped and sent across the border to work in scam centres in Myanmar or Cambodia.
The prospective new owner of Royal Mail has said he will not walk away from the requirement to deliver letters throughout the UK six days a week, as long as he is running the service.
“As long as I’m alive, I completely exclude this,” Czech billionaire Daniel Kretinsky told the BBC.
Mr Kretinsky has had a £3.6bn offer for Royal Mail accepted by its board.
Shareholders are expected to approve the deal in the coming months, but the government also has a say over whether it goes ahead.
Currently the Universal Service Obligation (USO) requires Royal Mail to deliver letters six days a week throughout the country for the same price. But questions have been raised over whether the service could be reduced in the future.
In an exclusive interview with the BBC, Mr Kretinsky also said he would be willing to share profits with employees, if given the go-ahead to buy the group.
However, he appeared to reject the idea of employees having a stake in Royal Mail, which unions have called for in exchange for their support.
The Royal Mail board agreed a £3.6bn takeover offer from Mr Kretinsky in May for the 500-year-old organisation, which employs more than 150,000 people. Including assumed debts, the offer is worth £5bn.
But because Royal Mail is a nationally important company, the government has the power to scrutinise and potentially block the deal.
As well as keeping the new government on side, Mr Kretinsky also faces the task of convincing postal unions that the proposed deal will benefit employees.
The USO is a potential sticking point for both the government and unions.
Royal Mail is required by law to deliver letters six days a week and parcels five days a week to every address in the UK for a fixed price.
How well this has actually been working in practice is a different matter. Ten years ago, 92% of first class post arrived on time. By the end of last year it was down to 74%, according to the regulator Ofcom.
Last year the regulator fined Royal Mail £5.6m for failing to meet its delivery targets.
Royal Mail has been pushing for this obligation to be watered down. It wants to cut second class letter deliveries to every other weekday, saying this will save £300m, and lead to “fewer than 1,000” voluntary redundancies.
‘Unconditional commitment’
Mr Kretinsky has committed in writing to honouring the USO, but only for five years.
And after that, in theory, the new owners could just walk away from it.
However, Mr Kretinsky told the BBC: “As long as I’m alive, I completely exclude this, and I’m sure that anybody that would be my successor would absolutely understand this.
“I say this as an absolutely clear, unconditional commitment: Royal Mail is going to be the provider of Universal Service Obligation in the UK, I would say forever, as long as the service is going to be needed, and as long as we are going to be around.”
Mr Kretinsky added that the written five-year commitment was “the longest commitment that has ever been offered in a situation like this”.
Another potential stumbling block for the deal, however, is how the company will be structured.
Unions would like to see the company renationalised, but Dave Ward, general secretary of the Communication Workers Union (CWU), told the BBC that would be “difficult in the current political and economic environment”.
Instead, what the CWU is pushing for is “a different model of ownership” – that is, where the employees part-own the business.
To get its support for the takeover, the union wants employees to share ownership of the company, along with other concessions including board representation for workers.
It says profit sharing is “not going to be enough to deliver our support and the support of the workforce”.
If the union doesn’t get what it wants, it won’t rule out industrial action, Mr Ward said. Its members went on strike in 2022 and 2023.
Although Mr Kretinsky said he is “very open” to profit sharing, he is not in favour of shared ownership.
“I don’t think the ownership stake is the right model,” he said. “The logic is: share of profit, yes, [but an] ownership structure creates a lot of complexity.
“For instance, what happens if the employee leaves? He has shares, he is leaving, he is not working for the company, he [still] needs remunerating.”
Mr Kretinsky said he didn’t want to create “some anonymous structure” but instead “remunerate the people who are working for the company, and creating value for the company”.
The union is also concerned about job losses and changes to the terms and conditions of postal workers’ contracts.
Mr Kretinsky has guaranteed no compulsory redundancies or changes in terms and conditions but only until 2025.
“If we are more successful, and we have more parcels to be delivered, we need not less people, but we need more people,” he said. “So really, job cuts are not part of our plan at all.”
He said if the management, union and employees work together, “we will be successful”.
Another concern is the potential break-up of the business.
The profit for Royal Mail’s parent company last year was entirely generated by its German and Canadian logistics and parcels business, GLS. Royal Mail itself made a loss.
Mr Kretinsky has promised not to split off GLS or load the parentcompany with excessive debt, although borrowings will rise if the deal goes through.
But he has a way to go to convince the CWU.
“I can’t think of any other country in the world that would just just hand over its entire postal service to an overseas equity investor,” Mr Ward of the CWU said.
However, Mr Kretinsky said that the postal unions “do understand that we are on the same ship, and that we need this ship to be successful, and that if we are there, we don’t have any real problems to deal with, because the sky is blue, and it’s blue for everybody.”
The union cannot stop this deal but the government can block it under the National Security and Investment Act.
Business Secretary Jonathan Reynolds has said he will scrutinise the assurances and guarantees given and called on Mr Kretinsky to work constructively with the unions.
Mr Kretinsky may say that he and the unions are ultimately on the same ship but, as things stand, they are not on the same page.
Who is Daniel Kretinsky?
Daniel Kretinsky started his career as a lawyer in his hometown of Brno, before moving to Prague.
He then made serious money in Central and Eastern European energy interests.
This includes Eustream, which transports Russian gas via pipelines that run through Ukraine, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
He then diversified into other investments, including an almost 10% stake in UK supermarket chain Sainsbury’s and a 27% share in Premier League club West Ham United.
The Czech businessman is worth about £6bn, according to reports.