Prime Minister Rishi Sunak has said he is working on “new tough laws” to protect people from strike disruption.
He told MPs if “union leaders continue to be unreasonable, then it is my duty to take action to protect the lives and livelihoods of the British public”.
But Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer pointed to comments from the transport secretary suggesting new laws would not help with current industrial action.
Nurses, paramedics and rail staff are among those set to strike this winter.
A bill has been introduced to Parliament which would ensure minimum service levels on transport networks during strikes but it is yet to be debated by MPs and peers.
Earlier, Transport Secretary Mark Harper told MPs the new legislation “may well improve the service passengers receive on strike days” in the future but it would not “help with the industrial action that we face today”.
He added that his “priority” was to resolve the industrial dispute with rail unions “so that passengers don’t have strike days”.
Downing Street would not give details of any new plans to tackle strikes but said work on new measures was “ongoing”.
The prime minister’s official spokesman said: “We keep the powers under review and obviously in light of what we are seeing with effectively rolling strikes, the prime minister thinks it is right to push ahead with new powers.”
During Prime Minister’s Questions, Mr Sunak called on Sir Keir to “stand up for working people” and support the minimum service levels legislation.
He accused Labour Party of refusing to back workers and businesses who would be affected by the strikes.
But Sir Keir said the prime minister “should stop grandstanding, stop sitting on his hands, get round the table and resolve these issues”.
Labour has said it would oppose the “unworkable” minimum service levels legislation, but a spokeswoman said she could not commit to repealing it if the party took power as the laws had not yet been brought in.
Asked what action Labour would take on strike laws, she said the party would repeal the “archaic” legislation introduced under the Conservatives in 2016.
The 2016 Trade Union Act does not allow online ballots for strikes and brought in higher thresholds for industrial action in key public services.
Unions are calling for pay rises to keep up with the cost of living.
Inflation – the rate at which prices rise – is currently running at 11.1%, the highest level for 40 years.
But the government says increasing pay with inflation is unaffordable in the current economic climate.
Mr Sunak insisted the government had been “reasonable” and had accepted the recommendations of independent pay review bodies for public sector workers.
The long-running dispute with rail unions is also about job cuts and changes to terms and conditions.
It has already caused many days of disruption this year, bringing much of the network to a standstill on strike days, with more walkouts planned over Christmas.